Rumination has a crucial role in the onset, severity and maintenance of depression in adolescent and adult populations. The stability of the response styles questionnaire rumination scale in a sample of patients with major depression. Jun 26, 2017 the short version of the instrument has 12 items on a 5point likert scale. Because many thousands of other students and academics around the world are using it. Apr 28, 2017 ruminative response scale and the 10item ruminative response scale.
Rumination scale pdf please find enclosed a copy of the ruminative responses scale we have been using. The ruminative response scale rrs is frequently used selfreport measure of depressive rumination in both research and clinical practice to assess the severity of depressive rumination. Rumination can exacerbate negative moods, and can both trigger and prolong depressive episodes nolenhoeksema et al. Motivation and emotionbook20rumination wikiversity. The whole plot is a bit sillythe theme of baking is also featured very prominently both in the real book and the bookwithinabook about vampiresbut the shoah passages are truly harrowing and, within the limits of massmarket fiction, accurate enough. Consistent with the rst, one of the mostused measures of rumination is the ruminative responses scale rrs, a 22item selfreport tool. The analyses reported here showed that rumination also predicted depressive disorders, including new onsets of depressive episodes. On this measure, people are asked to indicate how often they engage in 22 ruminative thoughts or behaviors when they feel sad or blue.
Depressive rumination, depression, social problem solving, ruminative responses scale, meansends problemsolving test introduction depressive rumination is defined as behaviors and thoughts that focus ones attention on ones depressive symptoms and on the implications of these symptoms nolenhoeksema 1991, p. Because it supports many different languages in the online surveys. The rrs contains 22 items asking participants to describe how often they engage in ruminative thoughts and behaviors when feeling sad or depressed. The present study also examined the measurement invariance between men n 186 and women n 316 in a university sample. Ruminative response style and the severity of seasonal. Pearson to the university of exeter as a thesis for the degree of doctor of philosophy in psychology, april 2010 this thesis is available for library use on the understanding that it is. The ruminative response scale rrs short form is one of the most widely used selfreported measures of rumination, comprising ten items and describing the factors of brooding and reflection. A validation study of the koreanruminative response scale in. Rumination, reflective pondering, and depressive brooding. The ruminative responses scale rrs is a measure of depressive.
Dear colleague, please find enclosed a copy of the ruminative responses scale we have been using in much of our research on response styles for depression. Depressive rumination and social problem solving in. Ijerph free fulltext rumination and emotional profile. There are a number of available measures for the assessment of rumination, including the response styles questionnaire ruminative responses scale, 40 the rumination questionnaire, 41 the rumination inventory, 2 and the pcs. N2 the 10item ruminative responses scale is used to measure two facets of rumination. Unlike the strategy of cognitive regulation that relies heavily on the topdown control function of the prefrontal cortex pfc, which was recently found may be critically impaired in stressful situations, traditional chinese philosophy and medicine views different types of emotionality as having mutual promotion and counteraction mpmc relationships, implying a novel approach that requires. Hoeksema chapter 6 presents her response styles theory, in which rumination is a process whereby individuals focus on the causes and consequences of depression. Negative emotionality in a large community sample of adolescents the factor structure and measurement invariance of the short version of the depression anxiety and stress scales dass21. Worry was assessed with the 16item penn state worry questionnaire pswq. Japanese university students completed the beck depression inventorysecond edition, ruminative responses scale, social problemsolving inventoryrevised short version, and interpersonal stress event scale on three occasions 4 weeks apart n 284 at time 1, 198 at time 2, 165 at time 3.
We examined the relationship between response style and severity of winter symptoms in a longitudinal study of. In summary, the reliability and validity of rrs meet the measurement. The six rads2 critical items are those that have been identified as being most predictive of a depressive disorder diagnosis. The mediator role of ruminative thinking style in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and depression. Such rumination focused on symptoms and feelings has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of depression, through both experimental and longitudinal prospective studies, consistent with the response styles theory. The scale was obtained by selecting the items that had the highest itemtotal correlations with the total score. University students n 227 completed the beck depression inventorysecond edition, ruminative responses scale, meansends problemsolving meps test, and social problemsolving inventoryrevised short version spsir. Ruminative adjective the adjective ruminative has 1 sense 1. Until recently, most theory and research in social information processing has focused attention on the cognitive activity that underlies responses to stimulus information presented in the immediate situation being investigated. They found three rumination subfactorsone they deemed as being depressionrelated and the other two were deemed depressionunrelated. The instrument has proven to be able to measure the impact of health conditions such as depression on daily life and can monitor the effectiveness of interventions. Pdf the short version of ruminative response scale. Evidence for transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking.
The rrs is composed of 22 items that assess how often people engage in cognitive responses to depressed mood that are selffocused e. The ruminative response scale rrs is frequently used selfreport measure of. Reynolds adolescent depression scale, 2nd edition rads2. Rumination as a marker of psychological improvement in. The measure we used to assess rumination is based on the response style theory nolenhoeksema, 1987 according to which rumination is characterized by selfreflection and a passive focus on negative emotions. Remediating reduced memory specificity in bipolar disorder. You can do the demo yourself and see what your score is. The ruminative response scale rrs, which is a part of the larger response styles questionnaire, includes 22 items describing the ruminative responses which are highly related to depressed mood. The current study evaluated the bestfit factor structure model of the chinese version of the rrs among chinese adolescents and evaluated the measurement. Using a cluster sampling method, 894 college students were asked to fill out the adolescent life event scale, ruminative response scale, and suicidal ideation scale. The tendency to ruminate can be assessed with the ruminative responses scale of the response styles questionnaire. A version of the rumination scale of the response styles questionnaire rsq nolenhoeksema, 1991, revised by treynor et al. Several studies have shown that people who engage in ruminative responses to depressive symptoms have higher levels of depressive symptoms over time, after accounting for baseline levels of depressive symptoms. A ruminative response style focussing on the causes meanings.
Depressive rumination was assessed with the combined brooding and reflection on sadness subscales 5 items each of the ruminative responses scale rrs. Trait rumination was assessed using the brooding subscale, a short scale 5 items to measure maladaptive rumination, of the ruminative response scale rrs. In contrast, peoples thoughts outside the laboratory often concern life events that either have occurred in the past or are likely to occur in the future. Stanley halls groundbreaking book called adolescence 1904, a parent would be most likely to believe that the teen years a.
The ruminative response scaleshort form rrssf is the most used measure of rumination in response to. Rumination is the focused attention on the symptoms of ones distress, and on its possible causes and consequences, as opposed to its solutions, according to the response styles theory proposed by nolenhoeksema 1998 because the response styles theory has been empirically supported, this model of rumination is the most widely used conceptualization. The ruminative responses scale rrs is the most widely. Turn to the next scale in your book and please tell me. Findings of these studies suggest that the tendency to ruminate is traitlike, remaining stable over extended periods despite. Participants filled out the response rumination scale, the athens insomnia scale, and the short version of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.
Rumination response scale item means and standard deviations. Readers interested in the long version should read barbara tuchmans firstrate book, t he zimmermann telegram, but the short version has to do with the fact that the germans had not used their submarines against civilian targets since the lusitania, but were planning to begin unrestricted submarine warfare on february 1. Rumination nature, theory and treatment edited by costas papageorgiou university of lancaster, uk. The internal consistency of this subscale in the current sample was questionable. Ruminative response scale rrs the rrs is a 22item selfreport measure of rumination that can be used to assess general ruminative tendencies, as well as the specific rumination subtypes, reflective pondering and depressive brooding 45. Response styles theory rst initially defined rumination as passively and. A short version of the ruminative response scale rrs formed by treynor et al 2003, consists 10. Because there are 12 items listed within the braces for each scale, the integer 10 specifies that up to two blank item responses are allowable, i. Nov 20, 2019 rumination was measured using the ruminative response scalebrooding subscale rss brooding raes, schoofs, et al. We examined the relationship between response style and severity of winter symptoms in a longitudinal study of individuals.
D 3 think about your feelings of fatigue and achiness d 4 think about how hard it is to concentrate d 5 think what am i doing to deserve this. Psytoolkit is well documented with many examples you can copy for your own project. Rumination is repetitive thinking about personal and self. The mediator role of ruminative thinking style in the. May 30, 2017 trait rumination was assessed using the brooding subscale, a short scale 5 items to measure maladaptive rumination, of the ruminative response scale rrs.
Scales are added as online supplementary material utrecht. The ruminative response scale rrsshort form is one of the most widely used measures of rumination, comprising ten items and two. Linear mixed models were analyzed to test whether each. This study aimed to investigate the influence of negative life events on suicidal ideation in college students and the role of rumination. Thus, scores may range between 10 and 40, with higher scores indicating higher levels of ruminative responses styles. Factor structure of the ruminative responses scale.
The ruminative response scale rrs is a shortened selfreport scale of 10 items developed by gonzalez, nolenhoeksema, and treynor 2003, and is a widely used selfreport scale of rumination. Psychometric properties of the ruminative response scaleshort. The ruminative responses scale rrs from the response scale questionnaire rsq was developed by nolenhoeksema 1991 and is most commonly used to assess rumination defined by rst. For full information on the psychometric qualities of this scale, please see treynor, gonzalez, and nolenhoeksema 2003, cognitive therapy and research, 27, 247259.
How do rumination and social problem solving intensify. Psychometric properties of the ruminative response scale. This scale was initially composed by 22 items, but 12 items on the scale seem to overlap with the item. Thoughts inventory anti, the ruminative responses scale rrs, and the rumination reflection questionnair e rrq. In the first interview, the average rumination score for women was 42. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the ruminative. Ruminative definition of ruminative by the free dictionary. Is trait rumination associated with the ability to.
The portuguese version of rrs showed a good level of internal consistency for each subscale, an adequate temporal stability and good convergent and discriminant validities. Since previous depressive episodes are strong predictors of increased cognitive reactivity 28, the present study was specifically designed to minimize the effect of cognitive reactivity by using a. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed. A ruminative response style focussing on the causes meanings and consequences from ccpx 5032 at columbia university teachers college. They measured this in a sample of 1,317 people at two times. Each item are rated on a 4point likert scale ranging from 1 never to 4 always. A validation study of the koreanruminative response scale. This study set out to determine the mediator role of ruminative thinking style in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and depression. Part ii theories of rumination 105 6 the response styles theory 107 susan nolenhoeksema 7 rumination, depression, and metacognition. Ijerph free fulltext the influence of negative life. Pdf background the ruminative response scale rrsshort form is one of the most widely used measures of rumination, comprising ten. Scores are plotted on a summaryprofile form, allowing comparison of elevations across subscales. The scale was previously reported to have satisfactory valid ity and reliability.
This study was designed to examine structural validity and reliability of short version of the ruminative response scale rrs developed by treynor, gonzalez, and nolenhoeksema 2003. Manic symptoms were measured using the altman self. This study was designed to examine structural validity and reliability of short version of the ruminative response scale rrs developed by treynor, gonzalez. A short version of the ruminative response scale rrs formed by treynor et al 2003, consists 10 items from the original list of 22 which was developed by nolenhoeksema and morrow 1991. The ruminative responses scale rrs is the most widely selfreport instrument used to assess individual differences in the tendency to engage in ruminative responses style. While some items specifically investigate maladaptive i. Psychometric properties of the 10item ruminative response. The ruminative response scale rrs, a selfreport measure of describing ones responses to depressed mood, consists of 22 items and three factors depression, brooding, and reflection. Overcoming depression and ruminative thinking depression.
Regression analyses together with the sobel tests were performed for testing the mediator hypothesis. However, no published research has applied this theory to seasonal affective disorder sad. Administration and scoring are available 247 on pariconnect, our online assessment platform. Participants completed the penn state worry questionnaire and ruminative response scale and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assessed via clinician ratings. Psytoolkit is the only free website offering running programmable online psychological experiments and surveys. Behavioural activation by mental health nurses for latelife.
T1 factor structure of the ruminative responses scale. Research generally has supported the hypothesis of the response style theory that a ruminative response style is associated with a greater severity of depression episodes. Rumination, anxiety, depressive symptoms and subsequent. To test baseline cognitive functioning the montreal cognitive assessment scale. Rumination is frequently studied alongside affective psychopathology and is usually assessed using the multiitem response styles questionnaire rsq. Although the full version of the rrs scale was used for. Bdi items and in three samples, found the shorter rrs version to still be significantly. A moodrelated ruminative response style refers to how a person, when dysphoric, focuses attention on his or her symptoms, and their potential causes, implications and consequences. Factor structure of the ruminative response scale and. Ruminative thinking not only complicates the process of getting depression help, but can lead to other problem behaviors such as binge eating, binge drinking, and selfinjury. The lead article, by leonard martin and abraham tesser, develops a theoretical formulation of ruminative thinking that conceptualizes rumination as a class of conscious thought with a common instrumental theme that recurs in the absence of immediate environmental demands. To obtain scores on this scale, simply sum the scores on the 22 items. Item on the rumination scale that asks think about how sad you feel may be related.
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